Greek Civ Versus Roman Civ Essays - Cultural Anthropology

Greek Civ versus Roman Civ The present society where we live in has put together itself with respect to the past accomplishments and disappointments of past developments which rose and fell with the hands of time. All of those civic establishments made certain commitments to history just as creating human learnedness so as to improve its odds of turning into the preeminent leader of our planet's assets. In the event that we think back in history right now we can say that each and every incident, fiasco, achievement, war, or even a discussion has prompted the progression of our cutting edge society. There are numerous civic establishments that have made significant commitments to the structure of our advanced society. From Babylon's Hammurabi and his laws, to the incredibly scientifical Egyptians, and the splendid warlike Persians. However they all appear not as critical as the two most recollected old human advancements being the Greeks and the Romans. Both of these vanquished enormous territories so as to upgrade their exchange courses and in the process overcoming the greater part of the known world. Thoughts had been presented during the hours of these two which are likewise especially consolidated into the manner by which we live our regular day to day existences in our cutting edge period. Since Rome was the greatest realm ever, going on for a very long time, it has consistently been professed to be the best supporter of humanities common progressions. Rome has been credited for being the world's sans first market domain. It likewise was the main domain to rehearse tact through contribution nations its Pax Romana (insurance as long as the nation pays expenses to Rome). (Internet1) Rome's commanders and rulers were among chronicles best both in its magnificent time also its republican time. Among Rome's greatest and most shocking viewpoints was the unfathomably exclusive expectation of living in which it kept up. Heated water channeling, lovely engineering and astounding expressways were among its numerous marvels. Compositional ponders, for example, the bazaar Maximus are as yet accessible to be seen today. The Roman's were likewise incredible simpletons, who managed preeminent in the craft of talk. Extraordinary writers, rationalists and political experts, for example, Cicero added their weight to the significance of the Roman time. However all a large portion of the above commitments have had a base before Rome and all Rome did was enhance Hellenised thoughts. (Kagan) Hellenisation was the spread of Greek thoughts consolidated into the every day lives of individuals under either the standard of the Greeks or affected by them. Despite the fact that Greece was administering incomparable in any event 500 years before Rome had even a character, their way of thinking, military procedures, legislative issues just as writing is still especially fused into for all intents and purposes each propelled human progress since their time; our own particularly included. The old style time of Greece was a time of unmatched accomplishment. It conveyed forward the custom of sane, common theory in characteristic way of thinking and science, however turned its consideration more to human inquiries in medication and moral and political way of thinking. While the remainder of the world kept on being portrayed by monarchial, progressive, order social orders, in Athens majority rules system was conveyed the extent that it would go before present day times. Majority rules system vanished with the finish of Greek self-rule in the late fourth century B.C. At the point when it returned in the advanced world over two centuries later, it was more extensive yet shallower. (Internet2) It was in this fair framework that the best aesthetic, scholarly and philosophical accomplishments occurred. A naturalistic type of craftsmanship occurred advanced that put individuals as they would preferably resemble. This methodology in workmanship was passed down to the Romans and vanished to rise firmly in the renaissance time. (Ozment) The victories of Alexander and the Hellenistic human progress that accompanied them significantly influenced the recently vanquished social orders and their neighbors. The Seleucid replacements of Alexander governed a few pieces of the Old Persian Empire for very nearly two centuries after his passing, and Hellenistic culture kept on affecting the urban high societies for quite a while. (Kagan) Every one of these advancements have prompted the improvement of the following extraordinary domain, Rome. The hoplite Phalanx, the Greeks battling system was embraced and later improved by the Romans, to frame the most invulnerable armed force of their time. These improvements veer pointedly from the experience

Coke and Pepsi Free Essays

Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century: Threat of Entry:low 1. Economies of scale †High creation volume however merit not satisfactory (first section on page 2) 2. Item separation †Brand ID (high publicizing cost, Exhibit 2) 3. We will compose a custom paper test on Coke and Pepsi or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Capital prerequisites †CPs: minimal capital venture (first section on page 2) †Bottlers: capital concentrated (second passage on page 3) 4. Cost detriments autonomous of size †No 5. Access to appropriation channels †Food stores (35%): extraordinary rack space pressure (second section on page 4) †Fountain (23%): CPs commanded first evolved way of life (first passage on page 5) 6. Government strategy (N/A) Threat to section is low since Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, and Cadbury Schweppes control 90. 1% of the piece of the pie; 44. 1%, 31. 4%, and 14. 7% individually. In spite of the fact that the development pace of CSD utilizations have been consistent at 3% per year, the capital necessity to enter the market is excessively incredible of an obstruction. So as to support the whole US, a firm would require $25-50 million to construct a plant for concentrate makers, $6 billion ($75 million * 80 plants) to build up bottlers, cost related to give and keep up motivators to retailers, and the best expense to commercials. In this way, firms are hindered from entering the CSD showcase because of economies of scale couple with brand picture that the firm should confront. All together give item separation, the entering firm would need to contribute vigorously to build up a brand picture for CSD beside the three market pioneers. Access to conveyance diverts is extreme in CSD industry as bottlers are battling for rack spaces in supermarkets. Likewise, PepsiCo is in the café business of possessing Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut by closing down any open doors for other CSD firms to sell wellspring drinks in those eateries. Other CSD firms like Coca-Cola has build up a relationship with residual market pioneers of eatery for their wellspring dispersion (I. e. , McDonalds and Burger King). Furthermore, â€Å"Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act† in 1980 jelly the privileges of Concentrate Producers to give selective regions. In this way, it is sheltered to expect that there are very few rivals in the market competing for another region since the current Concentrate Producers would have driven off rivalry bankrupt through their privileges of select regions. Cost disservices autonomous of size is high as improvement brand picture will require high interests in notice and to build up another separating obtained taste for CSD customers. Substitutes:low (Non-cola refreshment? ) Substitutes of CSD’s incorporate water, juice, milk, and various sorts of liquor. Be that as it may, driving CSD’s have branch out their items to water and squeeze to catch the pieces of the pie of CSD’s substitutes. Other driving substitutes to CSD’s are milk, espresso, and liquor drinks. These substitutes are commonly unique supplement drinks than the CSD’s. Espresso and liquor refreshments are outfitted towards grown-ups just and milk is gear towards breakfast dinner utilizations with grain. Supplements: Complements to CSD’s are food. CSD firms have made associations with retailers of food (I. e. , supermarkets, service stations). Moreover, firms have made associations with eateries to supplement their items with food. Since food is something that everybody expends a few times each day, CSD organizations have an incredible chance to expand their essence in various conveyance techniques. Buyers:low 1. huge volume? A few purchasers may purchase in huge volume yet not found for the situation 2. standard or undifferentiated? No 3. NA for this case 4. low benefits? †Food stores: No, normal (fifth section on page 4) †Fountains: very beneficial, 80 pennies out of one dollar (first passage on page 5) 5. irrelevant? No 6. doesn't set aside buyers’ cash? (N/A) 7. sound danger? No Buyer bunches are not amazing against CPs and bottlers. In this manner, there is no noteworthy dealing power from purchaser side in CSD industry. This circumstance adds to keep up high benefit of CPs and bottlers. (Reasons) 1. Since there are different retail channels, CPs and bottlers don't confront the single retailer with power which buys in huge volume. 2. All in all, selling CSDs returns high benefit for retailers. (15-20% gross edge for food store, 80 pennies out of one dollar for wellspring. ) That reality forestalls purchasers to be value touchy. 3. In wellspring business, CPs and bottlers kept wellspring deals gainful and prevailing to abstain from cutting value pressure from retailers by paying discount and contributing eatery retailers. 4. In food store, CSD spoke to a huge level of its business (representing 3%-4% of food store business). To attract clients to store, it ought to be fundamental for food store to convey the most selling brand in CSD, Coke and Pepsi. This structure debilitates food store’s haggling power. 5. Candy machine is productive retail channel for keeping cost since bottlers can straightforwardly control. It likewise works in the nation where Coke and Pepsi don't have dispersion channel(ex. Japan). 6. Coke and Pepsi have just settled solid brand recognizable proof. Some markdown retailers have private name CSD yet they can not replace Coke and Pepsi. Inward Rivalry: high 1. various? generally equivalent? †various: No, oligopoly †generally equivalent: Yes †cost increment, oligopoly (fourth passage on page 11) 2. Industry development †level (Exhibit 3) 3. needs separation? †attempt to separate by promoting (fifth section on page11) 4. High fixed expenses? 5. Limit increases? Limit itself not obviously referenced for the situation however; mid 1990s: Yes? acquired abundance flexibly? (first passage on page 11, Exhibit 1) late 1990s: 6. High leave obstruction? †Yes? capital serious? 7. rivals differing in techniques? †No? Coca-Cola and Pepsi’s history of serious competition has brought about the execution of countless procedures intended to pick up piece of the pie and brand acknowledgment. As the business develops and Coca-Cola and Pepsi gain from past methodologies, expanded productivity intensely depends on their capacity to reduce expenses, gain wellspring contracts, universally extend item blend, and vertically coordinate bottler dissemination channels. Conventional key activities, for example, new item advancement, promoting, value decrease, and item separation will create negligible outcomes considering Coca-cola and Pepsi are comparative in size and force. Coca Cola and Pepsi’s capacity to rapidly react to contender methodologies for the most part lead to industry wars where neither one of the firms is in an ideal situation then when they began. While it is imperative to persistently keep up brand mindfulness and seek after different market patterns, enormous gains in gainfulness will result from techniques that make a manageable upper hand. It is increasingly favorable for Coca-Cola and Pepsi to put resources into systems that expansion the business request versus momentary benefit. Such procedures incorporate however are not constrained to, entering creating nations, key acquisitions of developing organizations (I. Yippee, Diageo, Arista Records, or Starbucks), and expanded endeavors to vertically coordinate bottler dispersion channels. Key acquisitions are significant in that they can give the methods wherein each organization can reclassify their image name as increasingly then a â€Å"cola†. Effective models are Sony , Disney, and GE. Suppliers:low 1. commanded? Metal jars: abundance flexibly (first section on page 6) 2. interesting? not remarkable 3. obliged to battle? (N/A) 4. tenable dangers? No 5. significant client? Metal can: biggest client (first passage on page 6) Step by step instructions to refer to Coke and Pepsi, Essay models

10 Benefits of Fasting That Will Surprise You

10 Benefits of Fasting That Will Surprise You Fasting is not a new thing. For centuries, the practice has played a central role in several religions and cultures.The month of Ramadan is known all over the world as a month of fasting for Muslims. Catholics fast on Good Friday and Ash Wednesday. Jews observe six days of fasting, the most known of which is Yom Kippur.Hindus observe a fast during the new moon and during festivals such as Puja, Saraswati and Shivarati. The Mormons observe a fast on the first Sunday of each month.Several other religions, including Buddhism, Taoism and Jainism have their own fasting practices.Many of these religions practice fasting because they believe that there is a connection between the physical and the spiritual state.In the last few decades, there has been an upsurge in the popularity of fasting.However, many of those who are adopting this age-old practice today are not doing so for religious reasons.They are doing it for health reasons.While people used to fast for spiritual reasons in the past , scientists and researchers have confirmed that fasting also provides numerous health benefits.Below are 10 benefits of fasting that will surprise you and hopefully give you the motivation you need to get started with the practice. FASTING HELPS YOU LOSE WEIGHTFor those looking to lose some weight, fasting is one of the quickest and safest ways to get you there.Normally, when you eat, your body burns the food you ate to provide fuel for your body.Any extra food that does not get used up as fuel is converted into fats and stored within the body for future use.This is what leads to weight gain.When you start fasting, there is less food to convert into energy, therefore your body is forced to start converting the stored fats into energy.This occurs through a process known as lipolysis.One of the greatest advantages of fasting as a means of losing weight is that it is more effective in burning through fat cells compared to regular dieting.Fasting also burns through fat cells without af fecting your muscle tissue, which is why many athletes use fasting as a means of achieving low body fat percentages prior to competitions.In addition, fasting is incorporated as a lifestyle change, which makes it more sustainable and more effective compared to many ‘crash diet weight loss solutions’.Actually, several studies have found fasting to be one of the most effective and most reliable long term solutions for weight loss and weight maintenance.FASTING PROMOTES LONGEVITYThis might seem a little bit farfetched, but various studies have shown that fasting can actually help you live longer.There are a number of reasons why fasting can help you live a longer life. The first one has to do with metabolism.As you grow older, your body’s metabolism starts slowing down, which leads to the gradual loss of muscle tissue through a process known as sarcopenia.Fortunately, fasting helps to speed up your metabolism, preventing these degeneration and loss of muscle tissue.Secondly, as y ou grow older, your cells also grow older and their performance decreases. There is an accumulation of old cellular material within the cell.The decreased performance of old cells and the accumulation of old cellular material within the cell is what leads to aging.The deprivation of nutrients that occurs during fasting activates a process known as autophagy.This is the process through which the old cellular material within the cells are identified and broken down.Autophagy also allows the cell to recycle itself and rejuvenates the mitochondria, allowing the cells to perform optimally once again.This helps slow down aging.In addition, fasting also stimulates the release of growth hormone, leading to increased bone strength, better protein synthesis and increased muscle mass.All these effects slow down the process of aging, both internally and in your physical appearance.Research conducted by the University of Chicago has shown that fasting also prevents the early development of disor ders that commonly lead to death.According to Mark Mattson, the head of the neuroscience lab at the National Institute on Aging, cellular regeneration occurs during fasting since the body treats fasting as a constant threat.In preparation for dealing with this threat, the body triggers powerful cellular defenses to protect the cells against molecular damage and also triggers the repair of damaged tissues, leading to a slower rate of aging.Several animal studies have been conducted to test the life-span extending benefits of fasting.In one study, a group of male Wistar rats were fed every day, while another group was fed every other day from weaning till death.The group that fasted (fed every other day) aged much slower and had an 83% longer life span compared to the group that was fed daily.Other studies conducted by researchers from Kyoto University and Kyushu University, as well other independent researchers have also reported that fasting has an effect on increased longevity.It i s good to note, however, that the effects of fasting on longevity have not been tested on humans, though it is believed that the effects still hold true for humans as well.PROMOTES DETOXIFICATIONAnother impressive benefit of fasting is that it promotes detoxification of the body.Many of the processed foods we eat today contain lots of additives, some of which are toxic to our bodies.As the food is digested and absorbed into the body, these toxins are also absorbed into the body and stored in fat deposits around the body.During fasting, your brain treats the nutritional deprivation as a threat and reacts by activating adaptive stress responses to help it deal with the threat.The brain also starts contemplating how it will provide the body with energy in the absence of food.To ensure that metabolism keeps running, the brain triggers the conversion of glycogen stored within the liver into energy.However, glycogen is not a very great source of energy, and after about 12 hours, the glyco gen deposits gets depleted.At this point, the body must find an alternative source of energy, and it therefore turns to the fat stored within various parts of the body.As the fat deposits are burnt to provide energy, the toxins stored within the fats are released.These toxins are then removed from the body with the help of the liver, kidneys and other organs, leaving your body free of accumulated toxins.SPEEDS UP METABOLISMFasting also helps boost your metabolism.A weak digestive system normally affects your ability to metabolize food and burn fat.By fasting intermittently, you provide time for your digestive system to get some rest.When you eat next after your digestive system has rested, your metabolism receives a boost, which means that your body burns calories more efficiently and gets more energy from the food you eat.This is one of the reasons why fasting also contributes to safe weight loss.A study conducted by researchers from the Department of Internal Medicine IV at the Un iversity of Vienna found that fasting can increase your metabolism by up to 14%.Another study also found that fasting may lead to increased levels of neurotransmitter norepinephrine in your bloodstream, which also contributes to increased metabolism.Intermittent fasting has also been shown to encourage healthy bowel function.BOOSTS YOUR BRAIN FUNCTIONNot only is fasting great for your body, turns out it is good for your brain too! Fasting improves your brain function in a number of ways.First, fasting boosts the production of a brain hormone known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Release of BDNF activates stem cells within the brain and converts them into neurons.BDNF also triggers the release of several other chemicals that are good for your brain’s health.Increased production of BDNF has been shown to protect the brain cells from the degenerative changes that are associated with conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s, while low levels of BDNF have been associated with depression and several other brain problems.Apart from the production of BDNF, fasting also improves brain function by reducing over-activity in the brain.Sometimes, depending on the type of food you have eaten, the energy from the food can result in your brain going into a bit of an overdrive.In this state, there is too much firing off in the brain, which is not generally a good thing.It also makes it hard for your brain to focus properly.When you fast, your brain goes into survival mode, leading to increased ability to focus on the tasks at hand.Fasting has also been associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, reduced insulin resistance and blood sugar levels, as well as reduced inflammation, all of which are good for the health of the brain.Several studies have been conducted to show the impact of fasting on brain function and health.A 2015 study conducted on both humans and animals and tabled at that year’s Society for Neuroscience meeting demonstrat ed that intermittent fasting enhances memory performance, aids in the recovery following brain injury or stroke, and promotes the growth of neurons.The study also found evidence that fasting may improve both cognitive function and quality of life for people living with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.Another study on rats found that fasting may enhance the growth of new nerve cells, while yet another animal study found that fasting may help protect the brain against damage due to strokes.Several other studies have had similar findings.IMPROVES YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEMEver noticed that when animals fall sick, they stop eating? Have you ever wondered why this happens?That’s a natural instinct through which the animals try to reduce the stress on their internal systems and focus their energy on battling the infection.Therefore, next time you fall sick, resist the temptation to look for food and focus on fasting instead.Fasting does a number of thi ngs to your immune system.Remember, we mentioned that fasting triggers the regeneration of old cells within the body.This includes cells that are part of your immune system.This rejuvenation of the cells leads to improved immune function.According to one study, a three day fast can lead to the regeneration of the entire immune system and the production of totally brand new white blood cells which have a stronger ability to fight disease.As we saw earlier, fasting also triggers the burning of fats and the release of toxins from the body, which can also enhance the body’s ability to fight diseases.Breaking the fast with fruits can boost your immune system even further by providing your body with a source of essential vitamins and minerals, especially Vitamins A and E which are great antioxidants.Fasting also prevents the formation of cancer cells, regulates the likelihood of inflammation and helps reduce the occurrence of free radicals in the body, which cause damage to the cells, D NA and the body’s proteins, thus contributing to disease.FASTING REJUVENATES THE SKIN AND PREVENTS ACNEIf you have been trying cream after cream trying to make your skin look better, you might be surprised to learn that you can achieve the look you want through fasting.How does this happen? Fasting has a number of effects that help improve your skin.First and foremost, fasting gives the body a break from digestion, allowing the body to expend more energy on regulating and improving the function of others organs such as the liver, the kidneys, and the skin.Fasting also helps the body to get rid of toxins that might be contributing to skin conditions.We have also seen that fasting contributes to autophagy.This happens to all the cells in the body, including those on your skin.When you fast, your body regenerates the cells that make up your skin and cleans old cell material from existing cells, thus contributing to a better look.This regeneration can even contribute to faster healing of scars.Remember, we also saw that fasting helps reduce inflammation, which is one of the culprits behind some skin conditions like acne. In addition to improving how your skin looks, fasting also contributes to healthy and strong hair and nails and whitens your eyes.All in all, fasting not only improves how you feel, it also improves how you look.IMPROVES INSULIN SENSITIVITYIn the last few decades, Type 2 diabetes has become increasingly common.This conditions is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, which leads to increased levels of sugar in the bloodstream. Normally, when you eat, the food leads to a spike in the levels of sugar in your blood.In response, the pancreas produces insulin, which triggers the absorption of glucose (blood sugar) from the blood by fat and muscle cells, which then use this glucose for energy. In so doing, insulin helps reduce blood sugar levels to the normal range.In some cases, however, the body’s sensitivity to insulin may reduce, which me ans that the body needs more and more insulin to help regulate blood sugar levels.The cells of the pancreas that are responsible for insulin production become overworked and start wearing out.Eventually, it becomes impossible for the body to produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels, leading to increased blood sugar levels and the eventual development of Type 2 diabetes.Fortunately, people with insulin resistance can increase their sensitivity to insulin through intermittent fasting.When you fast, the body uses up the glucose in the blood and the liver since it has no other source of energy, thus helping to lower your blood sugar levels.In addition, insulin becomes more effective at triggering the absorption of glucose by the fat and muscle cells after you break your fast, since some of the excess glucose stored in your body has already been used up.At this point, your body does not need as much insulin to absorb glucose from the blood, therefore your pancreas sto ps producing a lot of insulin, which in turn leads to lower levels of insulin in the bloodstream.All these contribute to a lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and better overall health.Various studies have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of fasting on insulin sensitivity.One study carried out by researchers from the University of Illinois in Chicago found that fasting reduces insulin levels by 20-31% while reducing blood sugar levels by 3-6%.Another study conducted on diabetic rats found that fasting can help prevent kidney damage resulting from diabetes.What all this means is that fasting can be very beneficial for people who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.FASTING MAY HELP PREVENT CANCERThis may sound too good to be true, but fasting can actually help reduce the growth of tumors and the spread of cancer through the body.Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the uncontrolled cellular growth.Researchers have found out that some of the benefici al effects of fasting on metabolism can help bring down the risk of developing cancer.We also saw earlier that fasting helps the body eliminate some toxins from the cells.The absence of toxic substances within the cells reduces the risk of formation of cancer within the cells.Fasting can also be quite helpful for people undergoing chemotherapy. It can help to suppress many of the negative side effects associated with chemotherapy.Since fasting also helps boost your immune system, it can help battle against some of these side effects.A study carried out by researchers the University of Southern California found evidence suggesting that fasting is beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.Several other tests have also found out that fasting is good for preventing or fighting against cancer.One study conducted on rats by a Brazilian university found that intermittent fasting can help prevent the formation of tumors.Another study conducted on cancer cells inside a test tube showed that exposing the cells to intermittent fasting delayed the formation of tumors the same way chemotherapy did.It also increased the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs in preventing the formation of cancer.FASTING IS GOOD FOR YOUR HEARTAt a time when more people are dying from heart diseases than from any other disease, it is great to know that you can reduce the risk of developing heart diseases through fasting. Fasting has a number of benefits for your heart.First, we already saw that fasting can help lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.This is important because people suffering from diabetes have an increased risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases.During fasting, the body also burns up some of the LSD cholesterol in the body to provide fuel.This is good on two fronts because LSD cholesterol is a major contributor to decreased insulin sensitivity and diabetes, and because it also contributes to increase in blood pressure, both of which are risk factors for develo ping heart disease.Fasting also helps reduce several other risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing heart diseases, including blood sugar levels, inflammatory markers and blood triglycerides.One study conducted by researchers from the University of Illinois found that alternate day fasting for a period of about 8 weeks reduced levels of triglycerides in the body by 32% and reduced the level of LDL cholesterol by 25%.Another study also found that fasting leads to reduced blood pressure and reduced levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the body.Yet another study found that fasting leads to reduced risk of developing coronary artery disease.All these show that fasting is good for your cardiovascular health.WRAPPING UPWhether you are a religious person or not, incorporating fasting into your daily routine can be a great way for your to give your health a boost.As you have seen above, the benefits of fasting for your health are numerous.Like any other major lifes tyle change, getting started with fasting might be a bit hard as you get started, but it will become easier on your body with time.If you want to reap all the benefits discussed above, you should consider getting started with fasting today.The earlier you get started, the earlier you can start reaping the benefits.