What Were the Goals of 1960s/1970s Feminism

Feminism changed womens lives and created new worlds of possibility for education, empowerment, working women, feminist art and feminist theory. For some, the goals of the feminist movement were simple: let women have freedom, equal opportunity and control over their lives. For others, though, the goals were more abstract or complex. Scholars and historians often divide the feminist movement into three waves. First-wave feminism, rooted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is closely related to the womens suffrage movement, as it focused primarily on legal inequalities. In contrast, second-wave feminism was mainly active in the 1960s and 70s and focused on inequalities embedded in social norms more than in laws. Here are some specific feminist movement goals from the â€Å"second wave† of feminism. Rethinking Society With Feminist Theory This was accomplished by, among other disciplines, women’s studies, feminist literary criticism, gynocriticism, socialist feminism and the feminist art movement.  Looking through a feminist lens at history, politics, culture, and economics, feminists developed insights in just about every intellectual discipline. To this day, the fields of womens studies and gender studies are major presences in academia and in social criticism. Abortion Rights The call for â€Å"abortion on demand† is often misunderstood. Leaders of the women’s liberation movement were clear that women should have reproductive freedom and safe access to legal abortion, making the choice for her reproductive status without interference by the state or paternalistic medical professionals. Second-wave feminism led to the landmark Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, which legalized abortion in most circumstances. De-Sexing the English Language Feminists helped spark debate over assumptions embedded in our language that reflect the assumption of a male-dominated patriarchal society. Language was often centered around males, assuming that humanity was male and women were exceptions.  Use neutral pronouns? Identify words with gender bias? Invent new words?  Many solutions were tried, and the debate continues into the 21st century. Education Many women went to college and worked professionally in the early 20th century, but the mid-20th century ideal of the middle-class suburban housewife and the nuclear family downplayed the importance of women’s education. Feminists knew that girls and women must be encouraged to seek an education, and not just as â€Å"something to fall back on,† if they were to become, and be seen as, fully equal.  And within education, access by women to all programs, including sports programs, was a major goal. In 1972, Title IX forbade gender discrimination in education-related programs that received federal funding (such as school athletic programs). Equality Legislation Feminists worked for the Equal Rights Amendment, the Equal Pay Act, the addition of sex discrimination to the Civil Rights Act and other laws that would guarantee equality.  Feminists advocated for a variety of laws and interpretations of existing laws to remove impediments to womens professional and economic achievements, or full exercise of citizenship rights (such as having women on juries on an equal basis to men).  Feminists questioned the long tradition of protective legislation for women which often ended up sidelining women from being hired, promoted, or treated fairly. Promoting Political Participation The League of Women Voters had existed since just after women won the vote, and the LWV had supported educating women (and men) in informed voting, and had done some work in promoting women as candidates.  In the 1960s and 1970s, other organizations were created and the LWV extended its mission to promote even more participation in the political process by women including by recruiting, training, and financially supporting women candidates. Rethinking Womens Roles in Nuclear Family Households Although not all feminists called for collective mothering or went so far as to urge â€Å"seizing the means of reproduction,† as Shulamith Firestone wrote in The Dialectic of Sex, it was clear that women should not have to bear the sole responsibility for raising children.  Roles also included who does the housework.  Research showed that even full time working wives did the majority of housework, and various individuals and theorists proposed ways of changing the proportion of who did which household chores, and who held responsibility for those chores as well. â€Å"I Want a Wife† No, this essay from the first issue of  Ms.  magazine  did not mean that every woman literally wanted a wife. It did suggest that any adult would love to have someone to play the â€Å"housewife† role as it had been defined: the caretaker and the one who runs things behind-the-scenes. Supporting Women as Parents While feminism re-examined the maternal role expected of women, feminism also worked to support women when they were the primary caretaker of children or the primary custodial parent.  Feminists worked for family leave, employment rights through pregnancy and childbirth including covering pregnancy and newborn medical expenses through health insurance, child care, and reform in marriage and divorce laws. Representation in Popular Culture Feminists critiqued the presence (or non-presence) of women in popular culture, and popular culture expanded the roles which women held.  Television shows gradually added women in more central and less stereotyped roles, including some shows featuring single women who wanted more than just to find a man.  Movies also expanded roles, and female-driven comics saw a resurgence and widened audience, with Wonder Woman leading the way.  Traditional womens magazines fell under critique, with the result of both some change in how women were depicted there, and specialty magazines like  Working Woman  and Ms. Magazine  created to meet the new market demands -- and to reshape the market. Expanding the Voice of Women in Other Movements An example: women had often been shut out of unions or relegated to a Ladies Auxiliary through much of the 20th century. As the feminist movement gained momentum, pressure on the union movement to represent more jobs that were pink collar jobs (mostly held by women) increased.  Organizations like Women Employed were created for representing women in offices where unions were not strong.  And the Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW) was created to help women in leadership roles within unions develop solidarity and support in getting the union movement to be more inclusive of women, both among those represented, and in leadership.

Analysis Of Frank Sargeson s Short Stories Conversation...

Connections One might have heard about Frank Sargeson many times, but never really had the opportunity to know more about him. This text offers the chance to learn about his contribution to New Zealand literature. Frank Sargeson was one of New Zealand’s most important short story writers. He was born in Hamilton on the 21st, March 1903 and died in Auckland, the first of March of 1982. His peculiar works contributed to creating a special language. Like Katherine Mansfield, who is considered to be the first who used New Zealand’s modernist writing style, Sargeson has been responsible for placing New Zealand’s literature on the world map. Because he lived in the years when New Zealanders were still looking for their own identity, as most Pakeha at that time considered Britain their motherland, it was complicated for him to distinguish himself from the rest of them. My aim in this essay is to identify, analyse and critique the similarities and differences of four Frank Sargesonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s short stories: ‘Conversation with my Uncle’, ‘Cats by the Tail’, ‘A Piece of Yellow Soap’ and ‘Chaucerian’. Many things intrigued me about Sargeson such as: the development of anecdotes into short stories, the transcript of the New Zealand colloquial language, and the use of simple words leading to a breathtaking level of complexity in his stories. But what impressed me the most was the fact that he almost never referred to himself in his workings, keeping a low, mysterious profile. In every story we

Harley Davidson Erp Vendor Selection free essay sample

Harley-Davidson, Inc. Contents Introduction Problem Statement Supply Management Strategy Project Scope Project Execution Software Vendor Finalists Recommendations 2004 update References Harley-Davidson is an American motorcycle manufacturer with a rich history and cultural tradition. Founded in 1903 in Milwaukee, WI, Harley Just celebrated its 100th anniversary with a series of events around the world that culminated in hundreds of thousands of motorcyclists rallying last summer on the shores of Lake Michigan. In 1929, there were 241 motorcycle manufacturers in the US. After the Depression, only two remained: Harley and Indian. By 1953, Indian went out of business, leaving Harley-Davidson as the only American motorcycle manufacturer. Financial difficulties in the 1970s led to the parent company, AMF putting the motorcycle division up for sale. Without a buyer, a group of Harley managers bought out the company and rescued it with a business turnaround that included brand extensions into licensed goods, such as apparel and related accessories. Now a publicly owned company, Harley has scored double digit growth for eighteen consecutive years. Harley ransformed itself into a strong marketing company with a focus on lifestyle image and product quality. The case took place in retrospect from 1997-1999. The purpose of the case was to management for this large manufacturing company. Recognizing that the purchasing process for obtaining materials and parts was out of control, management coordinated a project to understand its purchasing process and activities, solicit feedback from the 800 people who would be affected by the new system, and create a complete transformation in thinking and action regarding the procurement and management of incoming supplies. In addition, management wanted to move the company from a short-term transaction purchasing basis to a long-term relationship with suppliers. In addition to selecting an ERP system, Harley Davidson was interested in developing supplier relationships with key vendors. They wanted the new system to facilitate this development. In the case, the managers went as far as making the distinction between vendor and a supplier indicating that a vendor is someone selling on the street corner and a supplier was an extension of the primary business. The company had highly fragmented purchasing functions. Even though all product development and manufacturing remained in the US, materials represented nearly 75% of product cost. They used different invoices, schedules and procedures in every facility. Suppliers complained that they were dealing with three different companies, sometimes receiving orders from various facilities in the same day. Harley had hundreds of suppliers and no system of coordination or relationship management. Because the company was steeped in cultural traditions of gradual improvement and quality ideology, dramatic change was an unlikely outcome. As n any major software project, the company faced three types of risk with this endeavor; size, experience, and structure. The size of the project determined how much risk was involved in terms of cost, time, and supplier relationships. Switching over to a centralized purchasing system may have resulted disruptions in supplies and production flow, costing the company in lost sales and dealer/customer relationships. Failure of the system to meet the expectations of users would cost the management credibility with employees and suppliers. We do not know the selection process cost. Because this project consisted of only two ERP modules in collaboration and delivery management, it was not as large in size and posed only moderate organizational risk. Harley employees had experience with many different software systems to support various activities. They did not have an ERP system, so there was some risk involved in the coordination of all purchasing activities among facilities under one program. Because the managers understood the strong culture and history of the company, they structured the project carefully to create a change in thinking before creating a change in software. The methods they used to survey purchasing people, involve representatives from all areas of the company, understand the process, work with suppliers, and select an ERP provider to grow with company and its future needs. All of these components helped to reduce the risk of the project. To get a better understanding of the scope of their problem and to plan the project, managers decided to survey those who were responsible for purchasing. They intended to discover what activities purchasing people carried out and how much time and effort went into procuring materials. Everyone was surprised to learn hat 85% of purchasing time was being spent in non-strategic activities, such as counting inventory, data entry and expediting. While the company had 200 purchasing staff, the survey revealed that over 2,000 people were issuing purchase orders. Quantitative estimates provided a potential savings of an ERP implementation for purchasing at $34 million. Data like these helped to get people committed to making the project a success. The project scope had to identify the purchasing activities, the stakeholder groups (owner, driver, or participant), and the target audience (800 people). In addition, the scope had to fine tune the details needed to create a software quote request and a list of supplier selection criteria. This helped to answer the following questions: Who will use the system? What will the system have to do? How can we make the implementation a success? Which vendor can best provide the functionality, support, and scalable potential? Even though the process took over two years, Harley managers did a comprehensive Job of selecting the ERP solution. It appears that the Silk team did a good Job preparing for the project evidenced by the careful mapping of the as is rocess and of the to be process. This helped to reduce and manage project scope creep. Typical of lower risk, low technology projects, the details in planning generally pay dividends in the form of reduced implementation time at a cut over to a new system. Poor planning can lead to huge cost over runs and delays in system implementation. More serious problems can occur if the system can not deliver on promises made in initial project Justification. These are the kinds of problems over which project managers can lose their Jobs. We think that external consultants could have helped with the initial ssessments. This may have helped Harley Davidson get a broader picture of the purchasing organization and allowed for the use of best practices from other industries. They may have done this†we do not know from the case. Great planning that is myopic does not necessarily lead to the best solutions. The time Harley Davidson spent on the initial phase of the project is much longer compared to either Tektronix or Cisco. In the case of Tektronix, they were happy throwing more money at implementation problems to stay on schedule. Tektronix also suffered from their lack f planning with previous implementation failures. Cisco succeeded in meeting the short, implementation schedule through the use of a very standard, off-the-shelf system. Less customization of any ERP system leads to lower costs and quicker implementation schedules. A standard system is easier to upgrade also. Customizations are often required to ensure systems can meet a companies reengineering and ERP customization when implementing an ERP system. The successful ERP selection at Harley Davidson was not a result of planning alone. The case paints the picture of the culture of HD well. This culture is brought ut in the style of management and the approach to the project and the selection process. Their use of their internal business integration (81) of process, people and technology was consistent. It would send a good message to the organization. Their definition of full time members as a Tuesday through Thursday was interesting. This is contrary to our experience of Monday through Friday being full time. The reason they gave does have merit. Full time members can lose track of the day-to-day business and not realize the impact of pending changes. Seemingly small obstacles can turn out to be the biggest problems of system acceptance. There are some people that think a new ERP system can fix all of an organizations ailments. This is simply not true, as bad processes are often the root cause of many ERP installation failures. The last paragraph of the case mentions the question of linking the Supply Management Strategy (SMS) and procurement system. Without the link, this process could have failed. The risks of not linking were higher than with linking because the procurement system should be looked at as an enabler of the SMS process. Harley Davidson also developed additional standards before embarking on the ERP selection process. One was that of platform standardization. The case did not mention the standard but made note of the disqualification of one vendors product due to architectural incompatibility. IT does need to lead and develop standards as part of the ERP and other operational strategies. Scalability of the purchasing system must also be considered. They had a basis to work from for future growth and development. An example here would be to standardize on Oracle for the database and Java script language for the web-enabled application development. The group selected three finalists based on a number of variables. By allowing the software vendors to rate themselves quantitatively on functional variables, the team had some hard data, biased as it was. Each vendor wanted the opportunity and the business†of course they would rate their functionality as high as possible! There may have been no statistical differences among any of them. Clearly the motivation for the vendor was to win the contract, not be accurate in their capability assessment and potential fit for that organization. Software vendors are notorious for assuring any potential large customer that their system will be great for them! The qualitative cale of fuzzier attributes (low, medium, high) was perhaps useful to the selection team, but again, held rater bias. Finally, three software vendors made it to the final round. The case was written such that there appeared to be a close tie between two, with a confounding variable for number three. The reference to provider threes existing project was interesting. There is reference to the political and economic advantages. It appears that having an existing project was a consideration. This may explain the poor first-run performance by the group as they may have thought they would get the work. The team tried to be objective. Ultimately, the company largest client bases of Supply Chain Management in the world. Harley is using their Collaborate and Delivery Management modules. The modules provide Harley with a web-based private trading network that provides visibility and transaction execution through a portal. In retrospect, we would have recommended that Harley do a few things differently. First, they could have researched the literature on what types of problems mechanistic manufacturing organizations face when they try to implement an ERP system in a highly inflexible environment. There was enough research and case analysis available to do this. While they were clearly aware of potential change resistance and the need to get all stakeholders involved, the amount of time their search and selection process required was ridiculous in todays business environment. We speculate that the sheer demand and high prices of their product allowed them to wallow in their inefficiencies a few more years before they had to bite the bullet. Second, obtaining the advice of experienced software and supply chain consultants earlier in the process probably could have saved some time and created a defined focus. Often, managers use the discipline and recommendations of onsultants to reinforce the need for organizational change. With the purchasing process out of control, they could have brought in some purchasing expertise to clean up some of the mess before selecting a software system to help organize the Third, we questioned the research methods and bias of the data. process. However, if Harley eventually got what they wanted and it turned out to be a success for them, then perhaps their methods were valid. We do not know final cost fgures and messier details of implementation (schedule, support, etc. ). There are many technical details that we also know nothing about. Three out of five comments in the making the decision section suggest the people side was more important that the functional side. In reality, the functionality of any finalist should not be questioned. To get to the final round, the product has to work. It is analogous to having to have a certain quality level to sell products. The team was looking at the project from the implementation and buy-in standpoint of the end users, which was appropriate. They tried to remain close to the end users from the start. Harley was successful in transforming its scattered purchasing functions into a supplier relationship management program. The supplier portal now serves 300 of its 695 suppliers. In 2004, the company will be extending portal access to its accessories and merchandise suppliers. This year, Harley will have about 300 IT employees.

Nike Wacc free essay sample

The definition of WACC Weighted average cost of capital(WACC), is a weighted-computational method of analyzing the cost of capital based on the whole capital structure of a firm. The result of WACC is the rate a firm use to monitor the application of the current assets because it represents the return the firm MUST get. For example this rate could be used as the discount rate of evaluating an investment, and maintaining the price of firm’s stock. . 2 Analysis of Johanna Cohen’s calculation We analyzed the process of Johanna Cohen’s calculation, and found some flaws we believe caused computational mistakes. i. When using the WACC method, the book value of bond is available as the market value since bonds are not quite active in the market, but the book value of equity isn’t. Instead of Johanna’s using equity’s book value, we should multiply the current price of Nike’s stock price by the numbers of shares outstanding. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Wacc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ii. When calculating the YTM of the firm’s bond, Johanna only used the interest expense of the year divided by the average debt balance, which fully ignored the discounted cash flow of the cost of debt. 2. If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and be prepared to justify your assumptions. Combining the analysis above, we now give our own WACC calculation as following. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 3. 1 Calculating the costs of equity by CAPM, and its advantages amp; disadvantages i. Calculation: According to 2. 4, we have already got the result of CAPM, which is 10. 46%. ii. Advantages First, because CAPM is a theory based on the whole market, it obviously includes the effects between the market as the integrity and each individual stock. Second, with the counterbalance among each stock in the entire market, CAPM only needs the consideration of systematic risk, which much simplifies the calculation. Third, CAPM also bypasses the specific values of future cash flow because the equation is actually the relation between systematic risk and return rate, which is also another simplification of calculating. Fourth, merely depending on the systematic risk, CAPM could offer the investors a reliable discounting rate to assess the value of a certain investment. iii. Disadvantages: First, involving the counterbalance among the entire market, CAPM acquiesces an effective, active and healthy market environment. Second, comparing the consideration of market risk, CAPM may omit the subtle risk differences among each single firm. Third, the crucial systematic risk, the beta coefficient, is obviously hard to calculate. 3. 2 Calculating the costs of equity by DDM, and its advantages amp; disadvantages i. Calculation (based on EXIHIBIT 4):: Based on the dividend discount model, P0 = D0 * (1+g) / (k – g), then we get the return rate (the cost of equity) k = D0 * (1+g) / P0 + g = 0. 48 * (1 + 0. 055) / 42. 09 + 0. 055 = 6. 7% ii. Advantages First, DDM fully considers the time value of consistent cash flow of an investment. Second, it is pretty easy to get the necessary historical data. Third DDM is flexible enough for the adjustment of any future situation. Fourth, once the growth pattern is confirmed, it is very straightforward to get the discount rate of assessing an investment. iii. Disadvantages First, without enough consideration of risk cost, DDM may underestimate the equity cost. Second, all of the data is based on historical record, so the result is not reliable considering of the future situations. Third, with the predetermined growth rate, it is obviously practical for the stock investors to estimate the possible profit, but may mislead the stock issuing firm from a better budgeting decision to a comparatively unsubstantial investment. 3. 3 Calculating the costs of equity by the earnings capitalization ratio, and its advantages amp; disadvantages i. Calculation (based on EXIHIBIT 1amp;4) According to the earnings capitalization model, we have cost of equity = E1 / P0 = 2. 16 / 42. 09 = 5. 13% ii. Advantages First, it’s very easy to calculate and understand. Second, it’s easy to get the necessary accounting data iii. Disadvantages Without any consideration of the risk and the growth of the firm, it doesn’t reflect the true value of an investment or the cost of the budgeting at all. 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding an investment in Nike? According to EXIHIBIT 2, the market’s forecasting sensitivity of equity value of Nike is 11. 17%. But based on our own analysis by WACC, we believe the discount rate of Nike is around 9. 85%. That means the market underestimated the value of Nike. So we recommend the Northpoint to purchase the stock of Nike.

The Importance of International Nursing Experiences

The Importance of International Nursing Experiences International Nursing Experiences are a great way to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the nursing field and how it’s applied in different cultures and environments and there is a strong need for nurses in underdeveloped countries so participating in such an experience fills an important void. While having a thorough understanding of medicine and its effect on the human body is importing in nursing, so is applying it to the wide variety of experiences that different people go through. It can be an enriching experience for anybody who partakes, in fact, research has shown that nurses who study abroad come back to their homes with increased confidence and great sense of cultural competence, so it is greatly beneficial to nurses of all levels who hope to improve their skills within the profession.Below are some of the many benefits to an international nursing experience.Understanding How One’s Environment Affects Their HealthTraveling internationally to volu nteer in hospitals or homes is arguably the best way to learn about how different environments affect our health and the quality of care available in less-developed areas.While nurses and patients in the western world have ample supply of basic human rights like access to clean water sources and sanitation equipment, those in less developed parts of the world are not always so fortunate. Creating that visual connection and shaking the hands of those who live in it can greatly enhance a person’s appreciation for the tools and experiences they typically have at home and their advantages in the health field.Additionally, as their understanding grows, and they are made aware of the conditions in which other people are living, they can better understand how to treat illnesses common to the area. For example, people who predominantly use wood burning stones might have difficulty with their respiratory health, and seeing that in person will assist nurses and encourage them to consid er these types of environmental factors when treating patients.Awareness of Region-Specific Health ConditionsAs touched on above, getting an honest, true look at the environments that others live in serves of great importance in understanding how some health conditions arise. Many diseases and illnesses are region-specific, and while it is possible to learn about them from home, it is much more effective to see them first hand.Nurses who travel frequently will end up with a much more extensive library of region-specific conditions and illnesses than one who doesn’t, and they’ll be better prepared to treat patients with those diseases given their first-hand experience. This is greatly tied to learning about region-specific medicines and natural-plant remedies used by the region’s residents.By meeting with local residents and learning about their cultures, nurses can gain valuable insight to effective natural remedies that thrive the region’s unique ecosyst em, and gain a better understanding of medicines and treatments that are already showing some promise.Cultural AwarenessThe diverse cultures of the world make streamlining medical treatments challenging for nurses, and even more so when they lack awareness of the differences between various cultures. Without a thorough understanding of a patient’s culture, nurses may not be able to fully or competently care for them.Some of the factors worth considering when discussing competent care include language and dietary preferences and even cultural beliefs. There may even be something physically different in some cultures genetic makeup which would be resistant to westernized pharmaceuticals, so an increased understanding in culture can go a long way in enhancing patient care. Through international nursing experiences, cultural appreciation is broadened and developed thereby creating more empathetic nurses with a better sense of judgement.Additionally, nursing abroad encourages nurs es to learn new languages which then bridges the communication gap and reduces the risk of improperly caring for a patient or offering them a treatment option that may be further destructive to their health.Sensitivity TrainingMany nurses feel more comfortable treating patients of the same culture because they’re more familiar with the types of communication they use and the level of care they are used to.By training nurses to better assess and evaluate treatment plans to meet the needs of people of all walks of life, they are able to better create their action plans for care.Many newly graduated nursing studies have said that they don’t feel prepared to meet multicultural demands after completing their formal education, so diving into an international nursing program is a great way to prepare them for the diverse patient group they will be caring for in the future.What Is Gained from an International Nursing ExperienceAside from getting the opportunity to get out of t heir comfort zones and exploring a new part of the world, international nursing experiences greatly assist in developing highly qualified, well informed nurses and encourages them to further develop their skills and learning.By the time a nurse has completed an international nursing experience, they will have a significantly greater understanding of new cultures, unfamiliar environments, and region-specific health conditions that they may have never been exposed to otherwise.These skills can serve to make any nurse a more effective health care worker, regardless of where they decide to call their home. And isn’t that really what all nurses strive for?Author bio:Jennifer Clarke is a financial adviser with more than 4 years of experience in the healthcare area. Besides her day-time job, she writes for Healthcaresalariesguide, a website created as an alternative resource for everyone who seek information on healthcare finances.

ACT Admission Requirements The Importance of the ACT

ACT Admission Requirements The Importance of the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting ready to apply to college? If you are, I’m sure you’ve heard of the ACT and/or SAT. If you’re unfamiliar with the basics of the ACT, make sure to learn about what the ACT is before continuing reading this article. Just how important is the ACT for your college applications? It is one of the most important pieces of your college application (if not THE most important piece). In this guide, I'll explain why test scores are a key part of your application and how todetermine the ACTadmission requirements for your targetschools. Why Is the ACT Important to Colleges? There are two main reasons for the importance of the ACT. #1: Your ACT Score Is How Colleges Compare You to Other Applicants While all college applicants come from different backgrounds, attend different high schools, took different high school classes, and did different extracurricular activities, all applicants will have taken the SAT and/or ACT (at least at non-test optional schools). Since all students have taken the ACT (or SAT), admissions officers use it as a sort of normalizer.Your ACT score shows college admissions officers if your GPA and transcript are accurate representations of your academic ability.If your GPA is high but your ACT score is low, admissions officers may think your grades were inflated.However, if you have a 4.0 GPA with a perfect 36 SAT score, admissions officers will likely be impressed and think your GPA is reflective of your academic potential. A high ACT score can also make up for a lower GPA.If you have a 3.0 GPA with a perfect 36 score, a college admissions officer may think your classes were too hard or that you simply matured and are now college ready as indicated by your ACT score. The ACT helps colleges compare you to other applicants. #2: Colleges Are Judged by Their ACT Score Ranges The ACTis so important to universitiesbecause admissions officersuse it tojudge your academic preparedness for college. However, yourACT score is also important to universitiesbecause if you're admitted, your ACT score will be incorporated into their annualACT statistics. Every year, colleges publish their freshman admit profile (see an example of Princeton's freshman admit profile).In this profile, colleges provide data on their admitted students.The data always includes either the 25th/75th percentile SAT/ACT scores (sometimes referred to as the middle 50%) or the average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. However, more often, the 25th/75th percentile is provided instead of average score.The 25th percentile score means that 25% of admitted students scored at or below that score (and therefore 75% of admitted students scored above).The 75th percentile score means that 75% of admitted students scored at or below that score (and therefore 25% of admitted students scored above).The average score is just what it sounds like, an average of all the admitted students scores. The general public usesthis data to make judgments aboutthe selectivity of the school (the higher the ACT score range, the more competitive or â€Å"better† the public may think the college is). When you think of Ivy League schools such as Harvard, Dartmouth, Yale, you likely think, "Wow, those are good schools!" Why do you think they are good schools? You might think of their alumni or campuses. However, many lower ranked schools such as Denison have beautiful campuses and famous alumni like billionaire Michael Eisner. You might think Ivies are prestigious due to their low admit rates, but there are othercolleges with comparable admit rates tothe Ivies. The reason you most likely associate Harvard, Stanford and other top colleges with excellenceis due totheir published ACTscore ranges and their ranking. When doing research on applying to colleges, you likely sawthe US News World Report ranking of US colleges. Every year, US News World Report assembles their rankings based on several categories including the ACT scores of the college’s students.If you attend that college, your ACT score will be factored into that college’s overall national ranking in US News World Report. Top colleges such as Brown, Princeton, and Columbiawant your ACTscores to be top notchso that it reflects well on their school. Even "second tier college" such as Vanderbilt, USC, and Emory care about your ACT score for this reasonbecause these universities hope to continue to rise in theUS News World Reportrankings. How do you find out if your ACT score is good enough? Keep reading! What Does This Mean for You? Because schoolsvalue your ACT score so muchin their admissions process, you needto make sure that you have an ACTscore that fits their expectations. How canyou figure out what that ACT score expectation is? Do you rememberthose ACT score percentiles I mentioned earlier?As a quickreminder, schools publish an admit profile every year with either the 25th/75th percentile SAT/ACT scores (sometimes referred to as the middle 50%) or the average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Admissions officers use this ACT score percentile data as the score standard for applicants.Universitieswillbe looking to acceptapplicantswho are in or above this range (or at or above the average).That way the school is always getting the same or better caliber student (which means their rankings will either stay the same or increase). At PrepScholar, we recommend trying to get your score at or above the 75th percentile score for your target school to give yourself the best chance of admission. How To Find a Specific School's ACT AdmissionRequirements? Where can you find the 25th/75th percentile ACT score for your target colleges?I suggestchecking outour guide to finding your ACTscore for your target school first.The simple route is to Google Search for â€Å"[College Name] ACT PrepScholar.†That will bring you to our admissions page along with ACT score for your target school. You’ll be able to read about the average ACT score, along with the 25th/75th percentile ACT scores of admitted students, and you’ll be able to use our nifty admissions calculator to determine your chances of getting into that school based on your GPA and SAT score. Write downthe 75th percentileACTscore listed onour admissions page for your target college.That should be your target ACTscore. What Can You Do To Improve Your ACT Score? Now that you’ve found out your target ACT score, what can you do to reach it?If you haven't yet started preparing for the ACT, start with our complete study guides for ACT Science, ACT Math, ACT Reading, and ACT English. The first step to reaching your score is practice! If you’ve already started preparing but are still seeing no improvement, consider changing your ACT strategy.We’ve prepared many great ACT strategy guides. Read them hereand make sure you’re incorporating these strategies.NOTE: not all strategies will work for everyone. Try out these strategies on your ACT practice tests. Try to figure out what works for you and what doesn't work for you. If you’ve tried all of the strategies and are still seeing no improvement, you should consider hiring a tutor or trying PrepScholar’s program.Don’t worry! With the appropriate amount of time and effort dedicated, you should be able to reach your ACT score goal. Here at PrepScholar, we offer a 4 point increase guarantee. Do you not have time for a prep program? Are you taking the ACT this month?Check out our ACT 10-day cramming guide.NOTE: I highly recommend against cramming as time spent studying is important to help you achieve your score goal! What’s Next? Not sure where you’d like to go to college? Figure out how to find your target school. Worried about the rest of your college application? We’ll help you write a great personal statement and get excellent letters of recommendation. Still not sure whether the SAT or ACT is right for you? Let’s help you pick the right test for you! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dora Seigel About the Author As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. 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Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poems - Essay Example Here is a boy, surrounded by the beauty of Vermont, and he does not have the time to enjoy his youth. Then comes a greater shock, the injury to his hand. His subsequent death, however, does not surprise as much as the reaction to his death. The people simply turn to their affairs. This seems a cold reaction. There is no expression of mourning. Perhaps these people do not have time to mourn. Perhaps they are poor and don't have the energy to exert on matters which they cannot change. I finish this poem feeling somewhat cold-hearted. This poem is about the shortness of life. This poem strikes me as almost whimsical, and yet it leaves me feeling more concerned about loss. By whimsical, I mean that I almost feel as if I am reading a nursery rhyme or listening to a children's song. There is a great deal of repetition, and an almost indifferent attitude to losses. The things that are lost begin small and become larger as the poem develops. Despite this, there is no disaster. I am curious as to the almost cheerful tone of the poem and the reality of losses. The poem seems to be preparing us for a greater type of loss. In the end, the cheerfulness is shattered. The loss is too substantial to minimize the nature of the disaster. This is not a mother's watch. This is not a set of keys. The loss is a person, and I wonder how far the poet will extend her indifference to loss.

Ummary of the New Testament Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ummary of the New Testament - Term Paper Example Love, which is the focal message of the Bible is widely discussed by the different authors and explicated in various ways. Warnings are given to the audiences about the end of the world, the second life and the doom of evil men in the gospels and discuss at large the kingdom of heaven or the famous millennial reign of Jesus in the book of Revelation written by John the beloved or the apostle. The gospels written by Matthew and Luke narrate the immaculate conception of Jesus through the virgin maiden named Mary, who was at that time engaged to be married to Joseph. Thoughts of breaking away from her silently because of the shame the circumstance could bring them were not implemented by Joseph because of his vision of an angel who explained to him that the baby Mary bore was from the Holy Spirit so instead he married her. Isaiah 7:14 gives this prophecy and was reiterated in Matthew 1:23. As popularly depicted during Christmas season, Mary and Joseph had to travel to Bethlehem for the census ordered by Caesar Augustus for the entire Roman world (Luke 2:1-7). This is referred as the fulfillment of the prophecy in Micah 5:2 as echoed by Matthew in chapter 2 verse 6 saying, â€Å"But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are not the least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you shall come a ruler who will shepherd My people Israel†. The baby was borne and was named Jesus whose last record of his childhood was when he was found at the temple questioning and sharing with the teachers the word of God. While the aforementioned gospels started their narration from the birth of Jesus, Mark and John the apostle meet up with them in the start of Jesus’ ministry only giving a few lines to trace back the objective of the Savior’s coming to the world with the introduction of John the Baptist. After Jesus was baptized, He was led to the wilderness to be tempted by the devil (Matthew 4:1-10, Mark 1:9-13, Luke 4:1-13) and when he successfully overcame the t emptations, He went back to His town and started performing miracles, the turning of water to wine being the first of them (John 2:1-11). Other miracles which have been discussed as well in the four books like the healing of the sick, driving out of demons from possessed people, raising of the dead and feeding of many people. The most famous of which is the feeding of the five thousand from the lunch box of a young boy which contained two fishes and five loaves of bread, found in all the gospels (Matthew 14:13-21, Mark 6:31-44, Luke 9:10-17, John 6:5-15). The most important objective of the four gospels is the reason why Jesus came to this earth, that is, to die on the cross so that the sins of men will be forgiven. After calling his twelve disciples and training them, performing many miracles, teaching and preaching the word of God for three years, Jesus was condemned to die by the teachers of the law, accusing him of blasphemy, claiming to be God because He claimed to be the Son o f God. Judas, one of His disciples betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and sent the soldiers to the Mount of Olives for His arrest. Jesus was then brought to Caesar for his conviction and was sentenced to death which started His sufferings

Rome and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Rome and Juliet Essay The prologue is the introduction, which gives an overview of the play. It tells us what happens at the end of the play, in this case in Romeo and Juliet it is told in the introduction, for example the lines, a pair of star-crossd lovers take their life, doth with their death bury their parents strife. These two lines say that Romeo and Juliet both deep in love with each other, die at the end of the play, the reason being that their parents hated each other. It also sets the scene of Fair Verona and it explains the contents of the play, Two households, and break to new mutiny. The prologue is said by the chorus. This means it is an idea of a group of people taken from ancient Greek tradition. The prologue does not introduce the audience to the characters in the play; it just talks briefly about the events within the play. It is self consciously dramatic. It emphasises its purpose in telling the story, Is now the two hours traffic of our stage. It directly tells the audience to pay attention, The which if you with patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend, and the play will develop from what the prologue has been revealing. In Franco Zefirellis production of Romeo and Juliet, the prologue is very brief and short. The film starts off with the details, the opening credits. The font to the credits is in white and in a quite gothic style of writing making it fit in with the traditional theme. While the details are slowly appearing on the screen, around the screen there is a thin border of orange geometric shapes on a yellow background. As the border is so bright and colourful, it is able to immediately catch the audiences eyes and therefore grabs their attention. The border suggests a very sixties styles. You would probably expect a more formal, dark edged kind of border. A soft and slow melody played on a harpsichord plays quietly in the background. The effect that Zefirelli tries to create here is to create a nice calm beginning to the play. In shot one, you can see the camera panning over the city of Fair Verona and slightly out of focus. The light is blue and hazy, gradually brightening up as the camera pans, suggesting that it is dawn. The colour of the light in the sky shining over the city, creates a dreamy and peaceful effect, and adds to the beauty of the city that is being shown. You could only just make out the tops of tall buildings and churches at first, but as it gradually gets lighter, the buildings and other features become more into focus. The rooftops of houses, church spires and a river are seen clearly. You are able to feel the quietness of the city in the early morning, which again gives the effect of the city being very calm and peaceful. The camera pans round the whole city, and then moves up towards the sun and stop with the sun being directly in the middle of the screen shot. The sun suggests the hot foreign climate of a hot foreign country, such as Italy. Shakespeares name appears when the camera has stop panning and focused on the sun. All of this equals one continuos shot. The panning is slow, and the brightening of the day is slow, creating a slow pace to the shot. It gives me the impression of a slow climax to the prologue, getting more and more intense as it goes along, and stopping at the sun gives me the impression that it represents the end, with an either tragic end or a very happy end. I think that it is trying to relate to the whole play itself, with the gradual climax with an intense ending. Throughout shot one, the speaker slowly recites the prologue in a poetic style. He speaks slowly going with the steady flow of the slow motion of the panning of the camera, so that it would not effect the backgrounds creation of peace. The speaker of the prologue is a man whose voice is gentle, soothing and rhythmic as he echoes the prologue. He still speaks when going into the second shot. Shot two is of a medieval courtyard. In front of the courtyard there is the city wall with battlements made of stone and brick, which gives the impression of the setting being in the medieval times. The camera stops moving and shows the shot of the courtyard while the speaker finishes reciting the prologue. As he completes his speech of the prologue, the camera moves slightly round to the left, which shows that where the camera is next to the city wall, it is also one of the ends of a busy marketplace. The suns golden bright morning light shines over the city wall and through the street of the marketplace, representing that it is the start of a new day. The sound of the hustle and bustle of a busy marketplace gradually builds up and the first act of the first scene begins there. This effect is to bring in the play with a more calm start and not rushing into the play with a different shot, bringing the audience into a slow and calm beginning. Zefirelli does not create any huge special effects. The title of the play, Romeo and Juliet appears as the speaker says the words star-crossed lovers. Zefirellis purpose of having the title and the words star-crossed lovers coming up at the same time, is to reinforce visually and aurally the main point of the play that it is a tragic story about the lovers Romeo and Juliet. Baz Luhrmanns version of the prologue is done in much more detail and is emphasised a huge amount more. Luhrmann tries to grab the attention of the audience with very fast moving screen shots and very lively music. The first shot that comes up on the screen is of a TV with a blank screen, and the distance between the camera and the TV is very far, making the TV look very small in the distance. The first sound is the fuzziness of a TV, and then on the screen of the TV, the opening credits are displayed on white tiles with a black background. The contrast between the colours gives a very sharp effect. This gives a very different first effect on the audience compared to Zefirellis opening shot. Luhrmanns first shot of the bold white tiles with a black background, gets the audiences attention straight away. After the credits, a female newsreader appears on the TV screen, and she reads aloud the prologue. She says the prologue like reading aloud a news report rather than in a poetic sonnet way. This makes the prologue subtle and it makes the audience think twice before realising that it is the prologue that she is saying. The subtle speaking of the prologue differs with Zefirellis make of the prologue being obvious to opening up the film. Beside the newsreader in the background, there is a small picture with some text underneath it. As the camera is in the far distance, it makes it hard to see what the picture and text are, which makes the audience wonder what it is. While the newsreader is saying the prologue, the camera subtly zooms in directly towards the screen, and the picture in the corner gradually comes into focus. The picture is of a broken ring with the text underneath it saying Star crossd lovers. The symbolism of the broken ring is that the lovers end up being torn away from each other. After the newsreader says the twelfth line of the prologue, the camera suddenly picks up speeds and zooms right into the TV screen, through a high street. At the same time the words, Fair Verona constantly flashes up in white with a black background. From the zooming, it has merged from one background into another. This sudden pick up of speed would as if wake up the audience and shocking them as the screen had suddenly gone from one shot to another. This is very unlike Zefirellis presentation of the prologue, as he keeps his prologue simple and calm all the way through, whereas Luhrmann uses the effect of zooming and flashing words up creating a dramatic scene. The reason of flashing the words, Fair Verona while the camera rushes down the high street, is to make the audience understand the comparison and realise exactly how fair Verona really is in his version of the film. It shows a decaying urban landscape contradicting fair Verona. The font style of the writing is bold like Arial, and is in block capitals, making it clear to the audience what it says. In Zefirellis, as the camera pans over the city, you can see that Verona is very pretty and fair, as the prologue says it is. As the camera reaches the end of the street, the camera is suddenly focused on the face of a statue, which was far in the distance from where the zooming into the street began. Very dramatic music starts to be played loudly, which produces a bigger effect on grabbing the audiences attention. The camera then pulls back to view the tops of two corporate buildings with the statue in the middle. The buildings have big signs on the top of them. They are the names of the two households, Capulet and Montague. They are in different colours, Capulet in red and Montague in blue. The differences in the colours emphasise the difference between the two. The effect of having the statue splitting the two buildings up is to make the point clear, that the two households need something or someone to keep them apart to avoid causing major trouble in the city, as they absolutely despise each other. The statue shown actually represents Jesus Christ. It is Jesus Christ who is trying to control the families and bringing some peace to the city. In Zefirellis version, the point that the two families cannot stand each other is not emphasised. As the prologue is said in the same tone and way all the way through and the pictures are just of how fair Verona is, does not give a definite and clear point that the two households are major enemies. Luhrmann makes it visual to the audience, the hate between the two families. The next part of the introduction to Luhrmanns production of Romeo and Juliet, is of a rapid chain of clips from one to the other including clips of police cars with VBPD on the side of them standing for Verona Beach Police Department. This is shown to tell the audience that this is Verona Beach and not fair Verona. The chain of clips also includes clips of helicopters, clips of the disaster from different viewpoints, some far up in the sky, some close up to casualties who were injured, and the damage done to the city by this one disaster brought up because of the hate between the Capulets and the Montagues. The disaster is emphasised in this rapid succession of clips, to stress how much damage can be caused by one incident done by the two families. It also makes the audience think and imagine if this one incident caused so much damage, the amount of damage that they probably had done to the city in the past and what would be done in the future. The prologue is said once again while another variety of images using other media of newspaper articles and magazine covers appear. This time, the prologue is said by a character whom is actually in the play, referring to how the prologue is traditionally said by the chorus. The character who speaks the prologue is Friar Lawrence, and he says it in a poetic way, and this time the rhythm of a sonnet is emphasised. A man with a soft, gentle and low voice speaks the prologue like it is in Zefirellis production. This is one similarity that the two productions have. As he speaks, some words of the prologue is emphasised by magazine headlines appearing, using the effect of spinning one on top of the other. The headlines include New Mutiny and Civil Blood Makes Civil Hands Unclean. These headlines are to tell the audience and remind them the symbolism and reasoning behind each word in the prologue. There is also a faint background of burning flames when these headlines appearing as if showing the damage done. The images however, some are of like modern day newspapers and magazines. The camera slowly pans through a rack of different covers, and the headline of each newspaper and magazine are all referring to the feud caused between the two households, emphasising that they produce big issues in the city. Other images in this group of images include police taking charge of the situation in a live kind of view, showing how fast the police and other services had to respond to reduce the risk of more damage happening. The police and fire departments had to work into the night with the clearing up of the situation. This is known as the images are taken from broad daylight into the dark night. These images give the audience a visual understanding of how bad it is of the two households hating each other, which can cause so many innocent people in the city to be harmed. As the speaking of the prologue comes to an end, with the two lines A pair of star crossd lovers, take their life with the lines shown in white writing on a black background. This effect by now would be recognised by the audience by now as it had been used before to state the words Fair Verona. This effect of repeating jogs the audiences memories reminding them again and again the importance of the lines in the prologue. As the prologue stops being spoken, the same dramatic music becomes loud again. Each of the main characters are shown one by one with a pause on each with the text describing who each of the characters are and how they are either related to Romeo or Juliet or what the purpose of the character is in the film. This presentation of the character echoes the style of how it was done in famous program called Dallas. In Zefirellis version, the characters were not introduced and the film got right into the first scene once the prologue was spoken. A shot of Romeo looking through the narrow gap of a door appears, and then the camera immediately changes its angle to show what he see, which is a church aisle with blue neon crosses and candles. The angles that these two shots were taken were both through a narrow opening of the door. The first shot was taken from the inside of the church looking at Romeo, the man standing outside the door, and the second shot was taken from the outside of the door looking into the church. It emphasises what Romeo had seen, which the audience can assume is Juliet lying on the alter at the end of the aisle, Romeo thinking that she had really died. It also symbolises with that it was the conclusion and the end, viewing Romeo and the crosses, show that they were linked together and producing the idea of death. There was one more series of fast moving clips and a rush of lines as a final wind up to the prologue. There are a variety of different clips of things that happen from the beginning of the play to the end. The repeating of the clips again and again produce permanent images into the minds of the audience. The prologue ends with the words take their life and move onto the first act. The words take their life are stated to tell the audience that the story line would conclude with something relevant to it. I think that it is a new technique Luhrmann has used. He uses the technique of grabbing the attention of the audience and makes them concentrate. The prologue being reinforced by being presented for the third time, does not makes the audience get bored and tire of the clips being seen and seen again, but make them more excited about the film. I think that both Zefirelli and Luhrmann were trying to represent Romeo and Juliet in a different way, with different techniques. The prologue was of course interpreted differently. Zefirelli presented the prologue in his production in a gentle and calm way all the way through giving the audience a good idea of the peace and beauty of Verona. Luhrmann of course presented the prologue in a different way, almost a complete contrast to what Zefirelli did. He changed Fair Verona into urban sprawled Verona. I think that the presentations of the prologue were both appropriate for their interpretations because Zefirelli wanted to keep his production of Romeo and Juliet original and alike Shakespeare. Luhrmann wanted to interpret the play into something slightly more modern and unlike Shakespeares original version. In Luhrmanns production he emphasised the complications between the two households and the alterations he had made to the film, like how he set his production in an urban city and called it Verona Beach instead of setting it in the original city of Verona in Italy.

Strategic Bombing During World War 2 :: World War II History

Strategic Bombing During World War 2 "World War 2 was a war fought in two distinct phases. The first was the last war of a new generation. The second was emphatically the first of a new era" . "The British strategic bomber campaign was of doubtful cost effectiveness" . Bomber Command was by far the largest claimant on labour and factory space within the armed forces. Relative to their size they suffered more casualties than any other sector. The Anglo-American bomber force was divided in terms of strategy. Bomber Command believed it was too risky to bomb by day, while the Americans believed it was too difficult to bomb by night. Initially both forces lacked accurate navigational equipment, which deterred them from precision bombing. Germany developed a 'night fighter' force to counteract the bomber fleet. They were equipped with an on board radar, which enabled them to locate the bombers in the darkness. The German industry was sub-divided in an attempt to minimise the effectiveness of bombing raids. Both the Britain and Germany made substantial scientific developments throughout the course of the war. Prior to the development of the Lancaster, the British Air Force lacked a long-range bomber, capable of carrying substantial bomb loads. Wattson Watt foresaw the need for an early detection system; he developed the 'Radiolocation' system, which alerted Britain to invading forces. The German Air Force developed an on board radar, called the 'Metric system', which was equipped to German night fighters. Bomber Harris believed in the theory of 'carpet bombing'. Nick named 'butcher Harris'; he was known as the man who supported such campaigns as Dresden. He believed in breaking the morale of the German people. The strategic bombing campaign significantly shortened the length of the war. It disabled the production industry and weakened the German morale. Between Jan. 12-23 of 1943 President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet at Casablanca, to plan the 'future global military strategy for the Western Allies'. The work of the conference was primarily military; deciding on the invasion of Silicy, apportioning forces to the Pacific theatre and outlining major lines of attack in the Far East. Most important of all was Roosevelt's claims for the "unconditional surrender" from Germany, Italy, and Japan. Hamburg was largely responsible for the production of German U-boats. Subsequently it was the target of numerous air raids. In an attempt to protect the fragile industry, three huge anti-aircraft artilleries were built.

Eulogy: Love and Long Remember Desdemona

I would like to start by thanking Desdemona’s family who have travelled from Venice to be here today, and to all her loyal friends here in Cyprus for your unwavering support during this difficult time. Many of you may be offended by my appearance here today, but to that I will say, I was blinded by my intense love for Desdemona and that love is as strong now as it was the day I married her. We will all long remember Desdemona as a generous and devoted wife and friend. She had a childlike spirit that could shine light into the darkest day. As Desdemona’s husband I loved and wanted to show her how much she meant to me, and in that I failed. She was a very significant person to all of us here, along with so many others. She was such an intrinsic part in each of our lives that it will be long before she is ever forgotten. As her husband, we shared a relationship which was from the start one of loyalty and trust.. As a young and exquisitely beautiful woman she was also accused of many things that I now come to believe untrue. Desdemona was born on 22 April 1603 in Venice to senator, Brabantio, with whom she is now reunited. She was a humble woman who was hard-working, faithful and had a very strong belief in God. Today we mournfully remember the naive Desdemona and the sadistic death she suffered, at my hands. As we are saddened by Desdemona’s passing it is difficult for us to think of continuing life without her. Today we to reflect upon my darling Desdemona’s life and the virtues, achievements and qualities she showed us day by day. She was admired by both men and women for her trusting nature, her intelligence, loyalty to both myself and her father. Desdemona was one to always see the good in others and support them no matter what. Like many here today she was a woman, but through no fault of her own; she customarily received unfair treatment. I treated her unfairly a way no person should be treated i should have trusted her as she would trust me. A friend would tell me how women are manipulative and were seductresses. However Desdemona was the complete opposite She was pure, and kind hearted. Desdemona was devoted and truly submissive to her father. She only did defy him once in her life an that was when she said i do to me. And her husband as long as she lived. When she was nearing the end of her life, I am saddened to say that she was accused of many things, things which I should have known not to be true. Such a quiet and unassuming person, the sweet Desdemona deserved much better treatment than this and this is where I failed her. She never seemed to cease in amazing me, even though she had been through so much she still maintained a forgiving and positive attitude towards life. Desdemona has gone home now, guided by her faith and by the light of those whom she has loved and lost. She will be forever remembered for her kind and loving soul. As Desdemona leaves us broken-hearted with her passing, we can be thankful for the memories she has left in our hearts. My hope is that she forgives the role I had to play in her demise, as a man blinded by trust I listened when I should have felt with my heart, I believed the words of another when I always knew the truth within myself. I did not understand the ways of women i was rather accustomed only to the battlefield and the world of men. I will have to endure life without her because of my mistakes and my blindness. God Bless Desdemona and may she rest in perpetual peace.

Major trends in corrections Essay

Functions of photography in police investigation: It can be to heal- using of photography, the investigator solved the crime by examining the photograph and identify who is the perpetrator. It can be to inform It can be to record- to record the crime scene itself and to record the evidence. It can be to influence It can be to entertain It can be to transform It can be to preserve- to preserve all the evidence that captured in the crime scene. Even though the crime scene is cleaned there are the photographs to be examined. It can be to decorate It can be to use- used in examining crime scene. And it is used as evidence. It can be to play 2010: The year of the correctional officerIn a year of tightened budges, officer furloughs, and increased media attention, officers stood strong.| By Barry EvertEvery year I am asked to write about the year prior. Quite honestly, I rarely agree to this because it usually has little training value. This year, though, I have made the exception. 2010 was a lot of things to a lot of people. Overall, probably, it was a rough year for most reading this. 2010 was not the year of the dragon, or the year of the dog; it was the year of the Correctional Officer.Budget cuts was the song sung from high at almost every capitol building in the country. Politicians proudly paraded themselves as the saviors of the economy as they slashed public safety budgets to new lows. At the same time new spending programs were put into place for everything from the protection of tree frogs to building bridges to nowhere. At the bottom of this pile was corrections. Many police agencies were able to scream loudly enough to get enough funding to keep their departments running, albeit barely. When Corrections agencies made the same call, we were largely ignored. Many states implemented a â€Å"furlough† program, or something similar, that cut the salaries of the lowest paid employees. On top of this, training was cut to an all time low, while the hiring of new officers was frozen. Simple math tells us that it was also time for a whole generation of officers to retire. They have yet to be replaced, so mandatory overtime is the norm. During the build-up of the popularity of crack cocaine in the early 80’s, crime rose to an all time high. Incarceration rates shot through the roof at the same time. This, along with tougher sentencing laws, led to a wave of prison building and hiring. By the early 90’s, most departments had outgrown themselves, and were desperately hiring as many people as they could. Those officers are now due to retire. Few states took this into consideration, so as we entered this year under budget cuts, we were expected to do more with less — much less.So was 2010 a loss? Not exactly. Through all of this, the community has learned an important lesson if they choose to look. In almost any other profession, these reductions in pay, along with an increase in danger at the working environment, would have led to catastrophic work stoppages, or large scale protests. But no one walked away from their duties. No one went on strike. And to the best of my knowledge, there were only a few small scale protests by officers. At the end of the day, feeling underappreciated and underpaid, correctional officers punch the clock after protecting society from those they have incarcerated. With many of the resources cut or gone, we went about our business and did our job. Yes, some mistakes were made. Many were due to a lack of resources or just plain tired officers making mistakes. With fewer resources in place, and with less staff, the average officer worked even harder than usual, and did so at a discounted salary.No walk-outs, no â€Å"blue flu,† no rebellion. I would never have expected less from us as a group, but others are starting to take note. People who have never dealt with corrections are starting to understand our predicament. It was not because we sat on the floor and threw a temper tantrum about our working conditions, but it was through our continued dedication to the safety of the public, regardless of what was thrown at us, that people are starting to take note of us. 2010 was the year of the Correctional Professional. I have never been prouder to be part of a group of people than I am today. I realized this about 6 months ago when I overheard several officers talking. The officers were discussing a major union conference that had just taken place. During this conference, the possibility of striking had come up. It was decided at this conference that the membership of this union could vote to strike if they felt it necessary. The officers were discussing the possibility of a strike. By the time the 5 minute conversation was over, all of the officers walked away agreeing that there was no way they would ever strike, even if it was legal to do so. The reasons ranged from not wanting to leave their brothers and sisters behind, to feeling that they were officers first, union members second. Do you think this conversation would have been the same had it been on the floor of a factory?This sentiment quickly spread throughout the state, and it was made clear to this union that striking is not now, and never will be an option; it would be better to resign. This came out of the mouths of officers who, like me, had suffered a 15% pay reduction, an increase in their medical payments, and an increase in retirement contributions. Many officers have lost their homes, or have had members in their family, or themselves, take on another job. Through it all they are still dedicated.This is why this has been the year of the Correctional Officer. Although this has been a tough year, and things are not looking any better for next year, people on the outside are getting to see us for who we really are. How many times have we said: â€Å"If people only knew what we went through.† The people are listening, so speak wisely and keep your head up. Don’t ever forget why you wear that uniform, and continue to be the proud, dedicated officers we know you can be.So I raise my glass as we pass through the last part of this year, to all of those we lost this year. To all of our brothers and sisters who have made the ultimate sacrifice: You are not forgotten. To all of us who continue to protect, I say: Bravo! The people are finally starting to listen. Make sure you are saying the right things.Be safe out there folks, and party sanely.

Psychology Essay Essays - Sexual Reproduction, Biology, Free Essays

Psychology Essay Essays - Sexual Reproduction, Biology, Free Essays Psychology Essay Cam Widergren 09/13/2018 Professor Westra I agree with the claim that males compete for fertile females and try to maximize passing on genes while females shop for males with the best genes. In my experience, males tend to rather try and " reproduce" rather then find a mate like females do. Females want the more attractive and complete mate rather than settling down with someone who is not up to the same level of attractiveness as them. Males on the other hand will try to reproduce because of past evolutionary adaptations with almost any women willing to. Males tend to just want a mate to reproduce while females want more than just a partner for reproduction. With males just wanting to reproduce it becomes harder for them to always find the more attractive genes because females tend to wanting a relationship. Females tend to shop for the best genes also because they believe that because of their good genes any guy would want them so it's easy to pick and choose your mate. In the past few decades most couples are where the female has the best genes. This is due to the fact that since females believe that they always have the best traits they feel the need to try and reproduce with males who only have the best genes. While I agree that males try maximize passing on genes while females tend to shop for males with the best genes but it also could be the other way around. Males tend to try and simply reproduce rather then have a relationship but a lot of men are picky with the females they want to reproduce with. Females once they see a man with genes that are only better then them they want to reproduce. You could make the claim that females are more promiscuous than males because once they find a male with better genes they want to reproduce.

Nothing Wrong with went missing

Nothing Wrong with went missing Nothing Wrong with â€Å"went missing† Nothing Wrong with â€Å"went missing† By Maeve Maddox Marilyn asks Why does one say â€Å"went missing† instead of â€Å"is missing†? I’d never given the expression â€Å"to go missing† any thought. It sounds fine to me, perhaps because I lived in England for seven years. Judging by the comments on some language sites, it drives some Americans crazy. I . . . have been puzzled (and annoyed) by the term went missing. I teach English (vocabulary, grammar and literature) to sixth and eighth grade students, and would mark this incorrect usage if I saw it in their writing. It seems to have become totally acceptable in newspapers and on television. I know we are a nation of borrowed words, but this one offends the ears. Went missing has been bothering me ever since I first heard it on TV. UK or Canadians can have it. In our country its incorrect and it will never sound proper. The OED includes the expression under the entry for the verb go, along with the expression to go native. The sense of go here is â€Å"to pass into a certain condition.† The American dictionary Merriam-Webster also includes the expression in the go entry: go missing: to become lost To say that someone â€Å"has gone missing† is not the same as saying someone â€Å"is missing.† â€Å"To go missing† means â€Å"to disappear.† â€Å"To be missing† is to be gone or absent. I’ve heard American speakers say that someone â€Å"has gone AWOL.† I don’t see much difference between that and saying someone â€Å"has gone missing.† The expression â€Å"went missing† for â€Å"disappeared† may be informal rather than formal, but it is neither ungrammatical nor unidiomatic. Nevertheless, since many Americans object so strongly to the expression. writers and newscasters may want to think twice about using it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsLatin Plural EndingsHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Patient-centric healthcare Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient-centric healthcare - Coursework Example e has become of great help to most people since people can choose to receive medical help even outside hospital; for instance for outpatient services. However, patient-centric healthcare may not be supported by all healthcare organizations hence the need for public awareness whereby the public is reminded of the need to decide their healthcare services. The clinical decision support system (CDSS) as explained by Rick Mansour and Martha Thorne in another Case Study is most essential in the patient-centric healthcare (Mansour & Thorne, 2014). This is because it is a strategy that upgrades the quality of services offered to the patient’s right from diagnosis to prescription. The system accomplishes its tasks through collection of data from various hospital departments and also analysing the satisfaction of the patient with the services offered. Therefore the CDSS is very important in ensuring that all patients are attended to in the best way possible and given the best healthcare ever. The CDSS has also helped hospitals to make meaningful conclusions on the various kinds of data it collects. The data can be narrowed down into reports which will be later used to provide the best guidelines of handling specific conditions in the report e.g. a report written about asthma will indicate the successes and failures encountered when handling the condition and the various reactions to treatment by patients. Some countries e.g. the United States have created a forum whereby the data is exchanged through various healthcare centres for better services and also for brainstorming purposes (Wilkerson, Henricks, Castellani, Whitsitt, & Sinard, 2015). However CDSS has a task of collecting only viable and useful data and this involves very sophisticated techniques. The data should be highly filtered and gotten from various sources so that irrelevant data is avoided hence it is a very tedious activity and it also involves high risks. Another negative effect of CDSS can be the

Since the ratification of the World Trade Organization, seldom does a Essay

Since the ratification of the World Trade Organization, seldom does a business - Essay Example Studying abroad is a very daunting task. I have to adapt to a culture very different from those where I belong. Receiving my basic education in Hong Kong, I realized beforehand that Asians, especially the Chinese, have different learning and interpersonal orientation from Westerns. I have noticed and learned through experience that our ancestors instilled discipline and obedience in our educational system, Westerners, on the other hand, engenders independence and creativity. Aside from this, in business, Chinese and other East Asian countries are more adept in quantitative skills, Americans, however are more skillful in giving presentations and in expressing themselves creatively. Though initially intimidated by these differences in attributes and orientation of the two sides of the globe, I realized that I have a definite advantage from my peers. The opportunity of immersing myself in the diverse cultures of the East and the West is very essential in the age of globalization. The luxury of learning and actually experiencing the strengths of both cultures is now within my grasp. By persevering in exposing myself in them, I now have first hand access to the advantages and benefits that

Walt Disney Cartoons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Walt Disney Cartoons - Essay Example The heroines are empowered in their actions, and idealized beauty is affirmed by their dressing. In this light, the texts form part of the popular discourse of femininity which encourages women to internalize gendered body norms. Women want to expose themselves in order to achieve the feminine character contained in the movies. These body styles are privileged since they adhere to the contemporary norms of feminism contained in the films. The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast introduce oppressive power structures which produce the desires claimed in the movies. In The Little Mermaid, the girls are constantly posing and preening themselves, and their main function is to entertain the king. This can be considered an oppressive and objectifying presentation of women (Baker and Raney, 2007). The male characters are presented in a possessive form in these movies. In The Little Mermaid, King Triton is portrayed as portrayed as an authority figure that has to be entertained by the gir ls through song and dance. Ariel is chastised and forbidden to make outside contracts by the king. Triton acts as a patriarchic figure and has confined Ariel from her aspirations. Gaston tells Belle that women should be banned from reading or having ideas (Budd, 2005). Gaston consider Belle an accessory that he should have and does not chase her out of love. The heroines are dominated by the male figures portraying their qualities of authenticity and self-determination. The male characters have objectifying gazes of sexual desires towards the heroines. These characters portray female characters as dependent people dominated by the male figures in the society (Budd, 2005). Female figures in the cartoons such as Ariel pose with... Cartoons and animated movies have taken the center stage in the current entertainment industry. Children and teens spend much of their time watching these movies and are likely to develop negative traits and attitudes due to the message contained in them. Sexism is evident in the way women and girls are portrayed. Cartoon creators portray women as unhappy and have to seek the right man in order to find happiness. Their dressing is usually scanty exposing significant amount of skin. The homosexuals are secluded and experience violence and hostility from other characters. This has a negative impact on homosexuals in the society watching these cartoons and other children develop negative attitudes towards homosexuals. Walt Disney has existed in the entertainment industry since the 1930s and has produced several animated cartoon movies. These movies are based on the activities evident in the society. The female characters are presented as sexist by dressing them scantily in order to expose their bodies. They are given less important roles in the movies than their male counterparts. Their presentation in these movies portrays them as sexual objects that have to depend on men. Male characters are given administrative roles and work in the cities while women perform household duties. Whites are usually given good traits and are at the highest point in the social structure. Minorities such as African Americans and Arabs have negative traits and participate in activities that are cruel or inhuman. Homophobia exists where homosexual characters have negative roles and have leadership inabilities. Therefore, Disney cartoons can classified as racist, sexist and homophobic.

Analysis of Keyblogger

Analysis of Keyblogger Keyblogger is basically a spyware. As indicated by its namesake, it logs or recors your keystrokes. When you type in your username or password, this information is logged and amde available to the hacker. Keyloggers can either be physical or software-based, the latter being more difficult to detect. A keylogger works in several different ways Each keystroke is recorded and immediately dispatched to some remote listener over the internet. Keystroke are collected ina temporary file, which is then periodically uploaded to the authors location over the internet. The keystrokes are collected in a temporary file, but much like a spam bot, can listen for and recieve instructions from the author. The logger could thus upload the collectedinformation when requested. The collected keystrokes could never be uploaded. Instead, if someone has remote access to your machine, or even physical access to your machine, they could simply come by and copy theinformation manually. Finally, the information may not even be kept on your machine. There are keyloggers that include a little flash memory and can be quickly inserted in between installing, the person behind it stops by and picks up the device containing all yourinformation. There are two methods for bypassing keyloggers, both which involve confusing the logger with random keystrokes. The first, when you need to enter a username or password, is to randomly insert irrelevant numbers and letters in between the same. Once entered, just select the random hits wih the mouse and delete them before logging in. The second is for foolingkeyloggers that capture all keystrokes and not just those typed in the password box. Enter your info randomly across the browser and search bars along with random numbers and letters. When you wish to log in, simply copy and paste the relevant bits into the log-in boxes. You can use KYPS, a reverse proxy server that takes a password, encrypts into a one-time code, printed from the KPYS web site that can be used to log into any computer safely. After being decrypted by the KYPS system and logged in, it deletes the one time code as a password. KYPS also acts as a normal proxy to protect your browsing history. When browsing, it displays the KYPS URL along with random characters and symbols to maximise security. The work offline option shouldnt be relied on too often. This feature is specific to Internet Explorer or the application with that function, and its not too hard for a keylogger to bypass something so narrow. Also, even if you physically pulled out the internet connection wire from your PC, only the first of the above approaches is rendered harmless. The keylogger can still quietly collect the data and transmit it when a connection is available. As such, there is no way to be 100% carefull against keyloggers. It depends on specific keyloggers most of the time. However, you should always remain careful and cautious when entering a cyber cafà ©

gutenberg Essay -- essays research papers

JOHANN GUTENBURG AND THE PRINTING PRESS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long ago there was a man named Johann Gutenberg. He was a very intelligent man. He created one of the greatest inventions in history. He created the printing press. You may ask yourself, what is the printing press? I will soon explain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johann Gutenberg was born in 1399 named Genefliesch zur Laden. He changed his name to Gutenburg after the name of his wealthy father’s house. Gutenberg died in 1468 in Mainz, Germany where he was born.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the footsteps of his father, he first trained as a goldsmith in Strasburg, Germany and joined the goldsmith’s guild in 1434. He moved back to Mainz and befriended Johann Fust who became his partner and provided him with money to create the printing press. The most well known publication was the Gutenberg Bible, which showed the perfection of his invention. Later Fust sued Gutenberg for possession of the Gutenberg Bible. No other information was ever recovered from this incidence but it is assumed that Johann Gutenberg got his hands on the printing press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Gutenberg’s time, not everyone was educated. There was not enough time to hand-write hundreds or even thousands of books. So, instead of learning, people worked. In 1448, Johann Gutenberg made it possible for many people to learn. The printing press was a machine that could write many books with ink. Around this time there was a w...

Examine the Ideas of Manliness, Hostility and Aggression in a View from the Bridge. How Are These Ideas Connected?

Examine the ideas of Manliness, Hostility and Aggression in A View from the Bridge. How are these ideas connected? A View from the Bridge: a tragic drama piece, written by Arthur Miller and first published in 1955. Curtained by the never-ending dramatics of the play, is quite basically a fight for an unconditional love, portrayed by a man of whom perplexes his emotions like no other (Eddie Carbone). The play itself is set in the 1950’s; times when masculinity and dominance we’re vital for a man to obtain, and therefore prove to be key concepts during A View from the Bridge. Due to the constant battle to be the top of the hierarchy, a hostile atmosphere is continuously present within the circle of male characters. To be the more predominant man proves highly important; it gives them authority over the female characters, and status over the other males. The play has been written as a Greek Tragedy: a storyline of where a certain person is destined for disastrous misfortune (the Hero). Linking to this, is the opening narration spoken by Alfieri. Alfieri is a lawyer, and as he quotes â€Å"I am a lawyer .. We’re only thought of in connection with disasters†, you are automatically signalled that something bad is bound to happen at some point during A View from the Bridge. Eddie Carbone works as a longshoreman in New York. He lives with his wife Beatrice, and his niece Catherine. Eddie proves to be the protagonist within the first page of A View from the Bridge, of which is chorused by Alfieri (an ageing lawyer). From this, it is rather easy to acknowledge that Eddie is going to play a domineering role, and quite obviously the hero in this Greek Tragedy comparison. As I have previously mentioned, masculinity is highly important, and particularly important to Eddie. Being the utmost respected and powerful man proves rather essential to him during the play, as gives him domination over the household females. An example of this would be in Act Two, just after Eddie rings the immigration bureau. â€Å"Get them out the house†¦ Not tomorrow, do it now. †. Here he is giving Catherine orders in a rather authoritative manor, and this is a prime example of the way he speaks to the female characters. Eddie has incestuous desires for his niece, Catherine. This continues to be an ongoing problem throughout the entire play. It is quite clear to recognise Eddie’s feelings toward Catherine from the opening scene. When Catherine enters, Eddie is overly keen to know where she is going due to the way she is dressed (short skirt etc); he questions her before becoming complimentary about her appearance, because he is obviously panicking that she has dressed herself specifically to impress another male. Eddie quite clearly feels that as a man, he has a right to inquire when he feels necessary; possibly using this to conceal the fact he wants nothing more than direct control of Catherine’s life. â€Å"Beautiful† he quotes Catherine when observing her new hairstyle. Through the whole of A View from the Bridge, Eddie does not pay Beatrice one single compliment, which seems rather obscure, suggesting he has more admiration for his niece than his wife. Catherine constantly seeks Eddie’s approval, repeatedly asking him â€Å"You like it? about the way she looks. This tells the audience that Eddie has brought Catherine up to believe his opinion is always necessary, relating to the idea of masculinity and the dominance possessed by the household male. The actual reason Catherine dressed herself differently was due to the fact that she has been newly employed as a stenographer: somebody who specializes in the transcription of speech. Yet again, Eddie has something to sa y about the fact that Catherine has a job. â€Å"You can’t take no job. Why didn’t you ask me before you take a job? are his exact words when telling her rather directly how he sees the situation. He is implying that she should of asked for his permission before taking the job, and has disobeyed him by not doing so. This goes back to the idea of him being manly and sustaining his authorities. However, I do not think this is the only reason he doesn’t want Catherine taking the job. It is quite clear to see Eddie has more feelings for his niece than he should have, although during the first half of A View from The Bridge I don’t think he has discovered this for himself. From pinpointing that Eddie was overly bothered about the length of Catherine’s skirt, and her getting a job, it is clear for the audience to absorb that he does not want her to grow up, as this could possibly mean letting go and giving Catherine more independence than preferable. Although Eddie beholds a rather harsh identity, he proves himself a warm and welcoming man when his wife’s cousins immigrate to America in search of employment. Marco and Rodolfo are introduced into the household: quoting â€Å"You’re welcome Marco, we got plenty of room here†, Eddie comes across as a very considerate person. Marco greets Eddie with a firm shake to the hand, however Rodolfo does not. A hand shake is a typically manly gesture, and throughout the play it soon becomes clear that Rodolfo does not fit the stereotypical figure of a man. Eddie expects a man to be a breadwinner, to have obvious physical strength, power and domination. Rodolfo appears to not possess any of these qualities, of which soon proves a serious problem to Eddie. â€Å"Paperdoll.. chorus girl.. kid.. hit-and-run-guy†: these are just a minority of the nicknames given to Rodolfo throughout A View from the Bridge. Rodolfo shows himself as a man that does not fit all the categorical standards of a typical male, and as the play goes on we see how this controversial character shines a negative reflection onto Eddie, bringing him nothing but utter aggravation. Rodolfo likes to cook, sing, dance, and even make dresses. These feminine qualities that he possesses cause Eddie to become suspicious about his sexuality, although Miller makes it quite clear that Rodolfo is not a homosexual, when his relationship with Catherine begins to bloom. To Eddie’s dislike, Catherine takes an immediate shine to Rodolfo. When she asks him â€Å"You married too? †, it is quite clear she’s interested in him. Eddie is not in favour of Catherine becoming close to Rodolfo, and he clearly tries to discourage what he does by calling him petty nicknames. Underneath the front that Eddie puts on about hating Rodolfo, I think ,secretly, he is particularly jealous of him. The play is set in the 1950’s, and therefore there was a lot of pressure on men to live up to the expectations and be the typical male. Rodolfo is not afraid to be himself, even if it does go against all rules of typicality. In my opinion, Rodolfo is a very brave character for doing so: he has no fear of being judged, and I think Eddie is intimidated by this. Eddie has never known any different, and so he is automatically against this new idea of a man being slightly feminine. This tells us Eddie cannot cope with change, relating back to when I mentioned how he is unable to come to grips with the fact Catherine is maturing and becoming less reliant on him. In Act Two, a drunken Eddie makes the ridiculous decision to kiss both Catherine AND Rodolfo. He clearly does this in an attempt to clear all cobwebs, and try to see through to the truth about Rodolfo’s sexuality. Unfortunately for Eddie, he only comes to discover that Rodolfo is nothing more than a heterosexual . I also believe this was an act of bare desperation; Eddie could not think of any other way of getting through to Catherine how he feels, and obviously believed this was the only way to put a stop to her and Rodolfo’s relationship once and for all. However, the scene proves Rodolfo to be more manly than Eddie thought, when Rodolfo demands â€Å"Stop that! Have respect for her! †. Respect is an important quality for a man to have , especially in A View from the Bridge. Although saying this, when Eddie â€Å"pins his arms† (Rodolfo), it again goes back to the idea that Rodolfo fails in the physical department of manliness. This scene is a turning point for the audience, as from this they now know rather exactly how Eddie feels towards Catherine, and how insanely jealous he truly is of her and Rodolfo’s relationship. This is a serious downfall for Eddie, telling you that he is getting progressively closer to his Greek Tragedy ending. As an audience, it is evidently apparent that Marco is in complete contrast to his brother, Rodolfo. Straight away he is thought of as a real man: â€Å"Marco goes round like a man; nobody kids Marco†. This is quoted by Eddie, who quite obviously knows where he stands with Marco, and seems rather threatened by the fact that there are now two dominant male figures in the household. This goes back to when I mentioned how there is always a secret fight to be top of the hierarchy: it is just never made official. It is unnecessary for Marco to prove his manliness verbally, due to the fact that his physicality speaks for him. He demonstrates his strength in a rather protective manor, when he strains to lift a chair directly above Eddie’s head. He does this as a discrete warning, cautioning Eddie to leave his brother alone. When Eddie punches Rodolfo at the end of Act One, he makes it out to be a joke, but Marco is not silly, and clearly knows that it was nothing more than a camouflaged threat made toward Rodolfo. Marco uses physical communication; alerting Eddie that if need be, physically, he will always come out on top. When Marco does this, the other characters are oblivious to the fact that it was meant as a threat. However, the audience would be able to recognise exactly what Marco was implying; the staging would portray the shadowed aggressiveness of the gesture, and build serious tension. It would also add to the hostile atmosphere, that had been previously created by Eddie. Alfieri is another example of a conventionally masculine character. His predominate role in the play proves him an honest, helpful and firm man. The fact that he is a lawyer also tells you as an audience, that he possess a lot of power. I think the title of the play (A View from the Bridge), was in fact based around the role of Alfieri. It is as if he is playing God in this tragedy; he has the ability to look over and judge the situation, but remains un-bias and uninvolved (possibly a skill he has developed from his job). Alfieri has a view from the bridge, and is looking down on a fateful occurrence (Greek Tragedy) that he cannot prevent from happening. Just after Eddie’s death, Alfieri quotes â€Å"something perversely pure calls to me from his memory†. Due to the fact that Alfieri has been such an honest and trustworthy character throughout, this line could sway the audience into realizing that maybe there was a good side to Eddie, as well as bad. Eddie had a rather double-sided personality. Although his love for Catherine got the better of his character, underneath it was quite recognisable that he was generally a caring man that looked after his family very well. He was born poor, and worked hard as a longshoreman to ensure he was able to provide for his wife and niece. The background of the author himself (Arthur Miller), most probably had strong influential effects on the way A View from the Bridge was written. For example, his mother and father were polish immigrants; this relates to the storyline of A View from the Bridge, as Marco and Rodolfo are also immigrants. Miller obviously has a clear view of what he expects a man to be. He has made the main character (Eddie) a very typical man: domineering, strong, and respected by all. If Eddie’s death was a tragedy, then in Millers eyes he was obviously the hero of the play. Miller was born in 1915, and therefore raised around people who too, believed that these qualities were necessary if you were to be considered a real man. A View from the Bridge is a play largely involved in the historical/cultural context of the early 20th century. The ‘American Dream’ correlates directly to the storyline of A View from the Bridge. The American Dream is basically the idea that all humans are of an equal worth, and that all people should do things that give them a quotably â€Å"better, richer, and happier life. â€Å". Eddie’s perception of Rodolfo goes against this idea of the American Dream, because he believes that Rodolfo deserves to be lower in status than him, just because he is not the typical man. When Catherine begins to take an interest in Rodolfo, Eddie does his best to prevent their relationship progressing. â€Å"Don’t lay another hand on her unless you wanna go out feet first† are his exact words when thinking only of oneself. He is very selfish by doing this, and is potentially forbidding Catherine from living the American Dream (happier life). The Sicilian code of honour is another historical policy that relates to A View from the Bridge. The Sicilian code is basically a firm rule of extreme loyalty, solidarity and justice. The Mafia in the early 1900’s followed this code rather closely, for example: if someone was to hurt or even threaten a member of your family, you were to honour them and take an immediate action of revenge. The mafia’s law would justify the murder of Eddie Carbone, due to the fact Marco killed him purely because he posed a threat to Rodolfo. The female characters in A View from the Bridge are the main victims of hostility, manliness, and aggression in this play; Catherine in particular. Due to the fact that Eddie highly dislikes Rodolfo, there is a constant hostile atmosphere present within the household. Catherine is made to feel like she must choose between Eddie and Rodolfo, which again causes hostility. This is not a typical father/daughter relationship; it is clear for the audience to see this from the way Eddie behaves when Catherine and Rodolfo are together. Eddie lives in denial about the fact that he is in love with Catherine, and uses fury to disguise it. When Alfieri figures that Eddie has these strong feelings for his niece, he says â€Å"She can't marry you can she? â€Å"; Eddie does not know how to respond to this and again attempts to hide how he feels for Catherine by getting overly angry, â€Å"I don't know what the hell you're talkin' about! â€Å". The audience are affected by this as, making you pity Catherine and the awkward position she is in. Beatrice suffers from this also, as Eddie is her husband. In one scene they argue about sex, because Beatrice is receiving hardly any attention from Eddie due to his aggression and confidentiality throughout the play. Eddie is constantly taking his anger out on Beatrice, yet she never complains. However, in one scene she has clearly had enough and decides to stand up for herself and go against Eddie. â€Å"I want you to cut it out now, you hear me? I don’t like it! Now come in the house. † To this I think Eddie is quite startled, and replies with â€Å"I’ll be in right away†. Beatrice knows full well that Eddie has more feelings for Catherine than he should: â€Å"You want somethin' else, Eddie, and you can never have her! â€Å". In this quote I think jealously is getting the better of Beatrice, as she describes Catherine as a thing, rather than a person.